Resumen:
The phenomenon of Supernova is not completely understood. The explosion mechanisms of Supernovae (SNe) and the nature of their binary system still remain open. In the current literature, there are a variety of theoretical models to describe SNe explosions, reproducing the main observational properties. However, these observational properties are still not enough to discriminate between these models. Clusters and groups of galaxies (CGGs) play a key role in such discrimination. It is believed that the intra-cluster medium (ICM) is enriched by SNe ejecta that contaminated its host galaxy and, through a matter transport mechanisms, enriched the ICM. In this dissertation, we used ratios between observed elemental abundances of the ICM by spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy through the satellite Suzaku of 18 CGGs selected from redshift 0.004 to 0.05, and compared to the ratios predicted by the theoretical models in order to select the most consistent models with our sample. In the core collapse SNe scenario, we found that the favored models were those of Hipernovae (HNe) explosions, suggesting that the ICM was enriched predominantly by the heavy elements of HNe explosions. For SNe models of type Ia selected, the single degeneration scenario is favored, a binary system composed of a white dwarf with an evolved companion.
